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全國卷英語改錯技巧
導(dǎo)語:全國卷英語改錯技巧。文章小編已經(jīng)為大家準備好了。歡迎大家借鑒參考!希望文章能夠幫助你!
全國卷英語改錯技巧
一、先通讀全文。認真閱讀短文,在做題之前確保已經(jīng)弄清原文大意。根據(jù)短文大意和上下文邏輯關(guān)系,對文章進行逐字逐句的分析,檢查句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,語氣是否連貫等等。
二、綜合運用所學(xué)語言知識,根據(jù)各行不同的錯誤情況分別進行答題(即改詞、加詞或減詞)。在短文改錯中常出現(xiàn)的錯誤主要有以下幾類:
1. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)用錯,可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的混用。大多數(shù)短文改錯都會有此類的錯誤。
如:they take him lots of good book and fresh fruit.(2009.陜西卷) 此處book改為books. book前用lots of修飾,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
2. 動詞:時態(tài)和語態(tài),常出現(xiàn)在總體時態(tài)為過去或現(xiàn)在時,中間雜有不適的另一時態(tài)的`現(xiàn)象;或是及物動詞后無賓語,或是不及物動詞后加了賓語;需要接ing形式的接了to,或相反等。
如:The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone.(2009全國卷I)把were改為are。根據(jù)上文可知飯店和魚店消失都陳述的是現(xiàn)在的情況。
3. 形容詞副詞:常出現(xiàn)需形容詞的地方用了副詞或相反;關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等的缺失或錯用。
如:He has a comfortable room, patiently nurses, and a great deal of time to read. (2009.陜西卷)此處patiently改為 patient.修飾名詞nurses,用形容詞。
4. 介詞:主要是介詞的多余或缺失,錯用。這一部分需要平時多多積累,弄清常用介詞的搭配。
5. 主謂一致性:第三人稱單數(shù)漏掉s,或主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用了單數(shù);再就是就近原則對主語的影響。
6. 冠詞:定冠詞the的多余或缺失,如季節(jié),月份,星期,球類及三餐活動,稱呼頭銜前等不能加the的地方加了the,或是same等常和the一起使用的詞卻漏稅掉了the;a, an的混用,特別注意:hour, honest等雖然首字母不是元音字母,但其發(fā)音卻是以元音素開頭,故用an,而useful, university, European, one—hour等雖然首字母是元音字母,但卻以輔音音素開頭,故用a。
如1:and sports center has been built in their place. (2009全國卷I)在此sports前應(yīng)加a。 sports center是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),表示不確定。
如1:The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. (2009浙江卷)在此a改為an;由umbrella的發(fā)音可知以元音因素開頭,應(yīng)用an。
7. 數(shù)詞:主要是序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯用,如分數(shù)的分子大于一時分母沒有用復(fù)數(shù)等,基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式如幾百hundreds of,幾千thousands of漏掉了s,或是當(dāng)其前有具體數(shù)字或several時加了復(fù)數(shù),如seven hundred,寫作seven hundreds。
8. 連詞:不合句中的邏輯關(guān)系。如需轉(zhuǎn)折連詞(如but)的時候用了承接連詞(so),或相反等等。
例1: This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to somebody else.(2009.浙江卷)在此and改為but,前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折,用but。
9. 代詞:主要是代詞的格與數(shù)的錯用。如男性用了女性代詞,單數(shù)用了復(fù)數(shù)代詞或相反;應(yīng)當(dāng)用形容詞性的物主代詞用了賓格,主格或相反,關(guān)系代詞的錯用或缺失。如只能用that引導(dǎo)的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方卻用了that,或是在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中漏掉了介詞等。
例1:The factory …… has been moved out of the city, and a sports center has been built in their place. (2009全國卷I) 此處their 改為 its。 因為前文中提到了名詞The factory是單數(shù),因此把their改為its。
例2:one day I saw a second—hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan.(2009遼寧卷)把that改為which,非限制性定語從句的先行詞指物時只能用which不能用that。
10. 常用固定短語或固定用法及句型用錯。
例:It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.(2009浙江卷)在possible后加to。由 It is/was possible(或其他形容詞)+ to do sth.固定句型決定。
三、驗證答案。改完后,要回過頭來重讀一遍全文,查看改過后是否能使語氣通順,時態(tài)一致,合乎邏輯。再次通讀可以在初改時感覺不順的地方集中精力,仔細推敲,使答案更加準確。因為有時就一個句子來看可能在兩個地方修改都說地過去,但在上下文中可能只能在一處修改才正確。
全國卷英語改錯技巧
一、解題思路(三步解題法):
第一步、快速瀏覽全文,把握文章的主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意,順便標(biāo)記自己一眼就能看出的錯誤。
第二步、細讀文章的每一句話。一般要結(jié)合文章的前后句以及出題規(guī)律來做題。 第三步、代入已經(jīng)修改完成的答案通讀全文,看其是否通順。
二、出題規(guī)律以及破解關(guān)鍵:
1.動詞:
(1)主要考察能力:時態(tài)、主謂是否一致、固定搭配。
(2)出題形式:
、贂r態(tài)混用
ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. 講解:很顯然此句子主時態(tài)是一般過去式,因此應(yīng)把can改為could。
②主謂不一致
ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
講解:原句中a football game決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù),所以應(yīng)該把were改為was。 ③固定搭配
ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesn‘t like the smell.
講解:give up doing sth。因此動詞somke應(yīng)該改為somking。
2.名詞:
(1)主要考察能力:單復(fù)數(shù)混用。
(2)出題形式:
單復(fù)數(shù)混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
講解:―年齡多大了‖應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式,應(yīng)此應(yīng)該把year改為years。
注意:代詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用類似。
As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us. 講解:顯然因該把them改為it,指代前面提及的friendship。此句話意思是―就友誼來說,我們可以很容易地從我們的同學(xué)和周圍的人中找到!
3.形容詞/副詞
(1)主要考察能力:兩者之間是否混用。
(2)出題形式:
形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的`地方原文用了副詞,該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。
、俑痹~代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中
ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
講解:很明顯―與平時相比較更忙‖,因此需要把usually改為usual。
、谛稳菰~代替正確副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中
ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, she began cheering excited, ―Come on-get going!‖
講解:原文意思是說比賽還剩一分四十二秒時,她開始興奮地叫道-----,顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly,用來修飾動詞cheer。
4.介詞
(1)主要考察能力:(特別是與動詞的)固定搭配。
(2)出題形式:
①介詞省略全國卷英語改錯技巧
ie, I‘m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
講解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思為―擺脫,除去‖
、诮樵~多余
ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
講解:這里顯然示對because of與because用法的辨別區(qū)分。前者不能接句子,而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子。所以應(yīng)該把of去掉。
③介詞用錯(一般為固定搭配)
ie, I pick out her false hair and said, ―Don‘t be sad, Miss.‖
講解:pick out應(yīng)該為pick up。pick out挑選的意思;pick up撿起的意思。
5.連詞
(1)主要考察能力:前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系。
常考三種關(guān)系:
but轉(zhuǎn)折 and并列 because原因
、賗e, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 講解:顯然原文中所要表達的意思是―我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買好多東西‖,所以應(yīng)該把but改為because/as/for。
、趇e,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but
improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 講解:原文表達的意思是―通過網(wǎng)上聊天,學(xué)生能夠更加輕松自由地表達自己的想法和觀點,并且如果他們同外國人交談,能夠提高他們的英語(論壇)水平。‖所以前后句之間是并列關(guān)系,因該把but改為and.
6.句式
(1)主要考察能力:?紅hat與what或which/how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
(2)出題形式:全國卷英語改錯技巧
、賗e, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 講解:原文意思是―她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情‖,很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what。注意:這一形式是改錯?键c。 ②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 講解:原文中需要一個連接詞承接前后連個句子,這個連接詞充當(dāng)be concerned about引導(dǎo)賓語從句中的主語,所以應(yīng)該把which改為what。
7. 冠詞
(1)主要考察能力:句中冠詞是否多余
(2)出題形式:
、俟谠~多余
ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o‘clock, when the game just began. 講解:區(qū)分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解決這個問題記住一句順口溜就可以了―有the是內(nèi)無the是外‖,即in the front of sth顯然是指在事物(sth)內(nèi)部空間的前面,比如說I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽車的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空間的前面,比如說the car stops in front of the house(汽車停在房前)。因此原文中應(yīng)該把the去掉。
、诠谠~遺漏
As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 講解:at an ---- age固定搭配詞組,表示―出于---年齡‖,比如說at an early/tender age,可以翻譯為―很小/年幼的時候‖.
8.代詞
(1)主要考察能力:代詞是否多余,以及與反身代詞之間的混用。
(2)出題形式:
、俅~多余
ie, Don‘t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I‘m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 講解:lose heart:become discouraged泄氣;喪失勇氣;而lose one‘s heart(to sb/st):fall in love愛上;鐘情于。原文意思很明顯是―別泄氣‖。所以應(yīng)該把your去掉。一字之差,離題千里。
、诖~混用
ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 講解: 原文意思是說―我們生活在一個大家庭之中,彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難,其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難。‖所以應(yīng)把them改為us;把other改為others。
注意:the other表示兩者之中―另一個‖;the others表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。 ③代詞遺漏
A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 講解: 應(yīng)該在classes前加his,表示―使他的課堂生動有趣‖。
動詞
(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改為 lay,lie 表示―躺‖時,其過去時是 lay) (全國卷)
(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改為 seen,因為從含義上看,此處謂語應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)) (全國卷)
(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改為 kept,因此處要用被動語態(tài)) (全國卷)
(4) …and let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been,因從句意上看,此處要用被動語態(tài)) (全國卷)
(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改為 come,由句意可知) (全國卷)
(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此處缺謂語動詞) (全國卷)
(7) I‗d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like后要接不定式,根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)加 be / become) (全國卷)
(8) What your favourite sport? (what 后加 is 或?qū)?What 改為 What‗s,此句缺謂語) (全國卷)
(9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (use to 改為 used to,此為習(xí)語,意為―過去經(jīng)!) (全國卷)
(10) I was used to watch it every night. (去掉 was,因 used to do sth 是固定表達,意為―過去常常做……‖) (全國卷)
(11) There will an important game next month. (will 后加be,此處缺謂語動詞) (安徽春季卷)
(12) Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (去掉 be,因它與其后的動詞 develop 相沖突) (北京春季卷)
(13) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (去掉 should,因 put 和 followed 是平行結(jié)構(gòu),作并列謂語) (全國卷)
(14) As we were all left home at an early age. (去掉were,因句中已有謂語動詞left,―我們離開家‖又是主動,不能再加be) (天津卷)
(15) I often dream of a teacher. (a teacher 前加上 being 或 becoming.根據(jù)后文的內(nèi)容看來,作者不是夢見老師,而是自己夢想―成為‖一名教師) (年湖北卷)
(16) Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well.(learn改為teach,因上句講―為了教好,教師不得不學(xué)‖,此句便是―沒有學(xué)問,就決不會教好‖) (年湖北卷)全國卷英語改錯技巧
主謂一致
(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. (was 改為 were,因先行詞 two men 是復(fù)數(shù),所以修飾該先行詞的定語從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)) (全國卷)
(2) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (give 改為 gives,它與makes 為平行結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)成并列謂語動詞) (全國卷)
(3) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (is 改為 are,因主語是 my picture and the prize,故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)) (全國卷)
(4) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改為 are,因其后的 mysteries 為復(fù)數(shù),故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)) (北京春季卷)
(5) But not allinformation are good to society. (are改為is,因為主語是不可數(shù)名詞information,表單數(shù)) (廣西卷)
(6) So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. (cost改為costs,因主語是單數(shù)a concert,根據(jù)全文用的都是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài),故用一般現(xiàn)在時) (年四川卷)
(7) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. (are改為is,因為在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be用is還是用are,由緊跟在be后的那個名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定,此處no need是單數(shù),所以用is) (四川卷)
(8) …you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors‗ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. (exist改為exists,因主語which是指the Stamp Collectors‘ Club,這是單數(shù),所以用exists) (浙江卷)
(10) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (was改為were,因為主語their parents是復(fù)數(shù),所以不用was要用were) (年福建卷)
全國卷英語改錯技巧
短文改錯解題思路以及檢查原則
1. 句中各部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別每個句子要有動詞;
2. 謂語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài);
3. 非謂語動詞用法;
4. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù),格使用是否對;
5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否對;
6. 代詞格和性使用是否對;
7. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞是否準確;
8. 并列句中并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中從屬連詞是否得當(dāng)。
短文改錯解題四大原則
改動要以最少為原則;
虛詞要以添加或刪除為原則;
實詞要以改變詞形為原則;
要以保持句子原意為原則。
解題注意要點以及能力培養(yǎng)
1. 核對錯項的時候若的確有一時難以改出地方可參考所改動項是否基本符合“1:1:8”比例。即多一詞1個缺詞1個錯詞8個。
2. 核對改正語法項目是否重復(fù)。因短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣因此一般不會出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個語法點現(xiàn)象。
3. 核對答題符號是否規(guī)范,位置是否準確,看有無遺漏符號以及忽略字母大小寫和拼寫問題。
解題思路(三步解題法)
第一步:快速瀏覽全文并把握文章主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章主旨大意,順便標(biāo)記一眼能看出的錯誤。
第二步:細讀文章找出錯誤并改正。一般結(jié)合文章上下文以及出題規(guī)律做題。
第三步:代入正確答案通讀全文看是否通順。
想要最好短文改錯并不容易,同學(xué)們平時一定要注意積累更多的語言知識,擴大詞匯量,掌握豐富的'英語短語,了解更多的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣表達,這樣才能在高考英語中游刃有余。
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